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1.
Rev. colomb. biotecnol ; 22(2): 53-69, jul.-dic. 2020. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1156288

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN El Drenaje ácido de mina (DAM) es actualmente el principal contaminante de las regiones mineras. Los reactores bioquímicos pasivos son una tecnología sostenible fácil de instalar que utiliza desechos agroindustriales de la región y puede operar en áreas remotas con poco mantenimiento. Además, son una tecnología limpia que involucra bioprocesos, reacciones químicas y precipitación de metales, minimizando el impacto de los vertimientos ácidos sobre suelos y cuerpos de aguas. Los reactores bioquímicos pasivos son columnas empacadas con una "mezcla reactiva" conformada por materiales orgánicos, inorgánicos y un inóculo microbiano. En esta mezcla se remedia el DAM por medio de procesos fisicoquímicos como la adsorción, precipitación, coprecipitación de los metales y de la reducción del sulfato a sulfuro, mientras se incrementa el pH y la alcalinidad. Con el fin de brindar información reciente, así como las necesidades de investigación en el tema, este documento presenta una revisión de literatura sobre la generación química y biológica de los DAM, así como su remedición utilizando reactores bioquímicos pasivos. El conocimiento de los conceptos básicos de estos procesos es extremadamente útil para evaluar las posibles aplicaciones, beneficios y limitaciones de estos sistemas de tratamiento utilizados por la biotecnología durante la biorremediación de efluentes mineros.


ABSTRACT Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) is currently the main pollutant in mining areas. Passive biochemical reactors are a sustainable technology easy to install using agro-industry waste from the mining region and operating in remote locations. Besides, bioreactors are clean technology that involves bioprocesses, chemical reactions, and metal precipitation, minimizing the impact of AMD on soils and fresh water sources. The passive biochemical reactors are columns packed with a "reactive mixture" consisting of organic, inorganic materials and a microbial inoculum. In this reactive mixture, AMD is remediated through physicochemical processes such as metals adsorption, precipitation, and co-precipitation, as well as, the reduction of sulfate to sulfur, while pH and alkalinity are in-creased. To provide recent information and research needs in the subject, this document presents a review of the literature about the chemical and biological generation of AMD and its remediation using passive biochemical reactors. The knowledge of the basic concepts of these processes is extremely useful to evaluate the possible applications, benefits and limitations of these treatment systems used by biotechnology during the bioremediation of mining effluents.

2.
Rev. colomb. biotecnol ; 19(1): 92-100, ene.-jun. 2017. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-900426

ABSTRACT

Resumen Los drenajes ácidos de mina (DAM) son vertimientos con bajo pH, alta concentración de metales y sulfato. Son considerados el mayor problema ambiental de la industria minera y prevenir su formación es la mejor alternativa ambiental y económica. En este estudio, se evaluó el compost de champiñón como enmienda de carbono orgánico para prevenir la formación de DAM. Se construyeron tres celdas en tubos de PVC (2,4 L), llenas con 300 g de mezcla de compost de champiñón y estéril de carbón en diferentes proporciones (40:60, 25:70, 60:40) y 400 mL de agua (18,5Ω). Los cambios químicos en el lixiviado, así como la actividad microbiana en las mezclas fueron monitoreados durante 6 semanas. En los lixiviados el oxígeno disuelto (< 2,0 mg L-1) y potencial de óxido reducción (< (100 mV) disminuyeron, mientras el pH (> 6,5) y la alcalinidad (> 1.500 mg CaCO3 L-1) incrementaron. Además, todas las mezclas fueron eficientes en precipitar los metales (Fe2+ > 95%; Mn2+ > 96%; Zn2+ > 52%) y remover sulfato (> 50%). Sin embargo, en la celda que contenía una proporción de compost y estéril de 25:75 se observó una producción significativa de sulfuro y una mayor actividad microbiana, indicando la presencia de bacterias sulfato-reductoras. Los resultados muestran que el compost de champiñón puede ser utilizado como enmienda orgánica de carbón para contrarrestar la formación de DAM y que la mezcla 25:75 puede ser una opción promisoria para usar en campo en el Distrito minero de Zipaquirá (Colombia).


Abstract The Acid mine drainage (AMD) are discharges characterized by low pH and high concentrations of sulfate and metals. AMD is considered as a serious problem of the mining industry and preventing its formation is the best environmental and economical option. Mushroom compost was evaluated as organic carbon amendment to promote sulfate reduction and metal sulfide precipitation during AMD formation. Three PVC cells (2.4 L) were filled with 300 g of the mixture of mushroom compost and coal mining waste in different proportions (40:60, 25:70, 60:40 %) and 400 mL of water (18,5 Ω). The chemical change in the leachates and the microbial activity in the mixtures were evaluated for 6 weeks. In leachates, dissolved oxygen (< 2,0 mg L-1) and redox potential (< (100 mV) decreased while pH (> 6,5) and alkalinity (> 1500 mg CaCO3 L-1) increased. Besides, all mixtures were efficient for metals precipitation (Fe2+ > 95%; Mn2+ > 96%; Zn2+ > 52%) and sulfate reduction (> 50%). However, a significant production of sulfide and a greater microbial activity was observed in the mixture of mushroom compost and coal mining waste 25:75, indicating the presence of sulfate-reducing bacteria. The results showed that mushroom compost could be used as organic carbon amendment to prevent AMD generation and that the mixture 25:75 could be a promising option to be used in Zipaquirá Mining District (Colombia).

3.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-162601

ABSTRACT

Assessing the impacts of climate changes on water quality requires an understanding of the biogeochemical cycling of trace metals. Evidence from research on alluvial aquifers and coastal watersheds shows direct impacts of climate change on the fate and transformation of trace metals in natural environments. The case studies presented here use field data and numerical modeling techniques to test assumptions about the effects of climate change on natural arsenic contamination of groundwater in alluvial aquifers and mercury bioaccumulation in coastal salt marshes. The results show that the rises of sea level and river base during the warm Holocene period has led to an overall increase in groundwater arsenic concentration due to the development of reducing geochemical

4.
Eng. sanit. ambient ; 12(2): 181-191, abr.-jun. 2007. ilus, graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-461609

ABSTRACT

Reator anaeróbio horizontal de leito fixo (RAHLF), preenchido com espumas de poliuretano, foi usado para tratar benzeno em solução etanólica, sob condições sulfetogênicas. Benzeno foi adicionado em concentração inicial de 2,0 mg.l-1, seguido de aumentos que variaram até 10 mg.l-1. O etanol foi adicionado em concentrações de 170 mg.l-1 a 980 mg.l-1. Soluções de sulfato ferroso e sulfato de sódio foram usadas, nas concentrações de 91 e 550 mg.l-1, respectivamente. O reator foi operado a 30 (± 2) ºC com tempo de detenção hidráulica de 12 h. A remoção da matéria orgânica foi próxima a 90 por cento com taxa máxima de degradação de benzeno de 0,07 mg benzeno.mg-1SSV.d-1. O presente trabalho corrobora os dados obtidos por Cattony et al (2005), na medida em que torna mais consistente a proposta do uso de unidades compactas de RAHLF, para a biorremediação in situ de compostos aromáticos.


In this study it is reported the operation of a horizontal-flow anaerobic immobilized biomass (HAIB) reactor under sulfate-reducing condition which was also exposed to different amounts of ethanol and benzene. The HAIB reactor comprised of an immobilized biomass on polyurethane foam and ferrous and sodium sulfate solutions were used (91 and 550 mg.l-1, respectively), to promote a sulfate-reducing environment. Benzene was added at an initial concentration of 2.0 mg.l-1 followed by an increased to 9 e 10 mg.l-1, respectively. Ethanol was added at an initial concentration of 170 mg.l-1 followed by an increased range of 960 mg.l-1. The reactor was operated at 30 (± 2) ºC with hydraulic detention time of 12 h. Organic matter removal efficiency of 90 percent with a maximum benzene degradation rate of 0.07 mg benzene.mg-1VSS.d-1. Thus, this work corroborate the data obtained for Cattony et al (2005) and also demonstrate that compact units of HAIB reactors, under sulfate reducing conditions, are a potential alternative for in situ aromatic compounds bioremediation.


Subject(s)
Benzene , Biofilms , Ethanol , Organic Matter , Upflow Anaerobic Reactors
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